The Speed of Light: The speed of light is exactly what it sounds like: how fast light travels. This speed, c, is specifically 186,000 miles per second.įor more info see the Special Theory of Relativity Special relativity relates space and time and is based on two primary postulates: the laws of physics are the same in all reference frames without acceleration, and the speed of light in the vacuum of space is the same for everyone. It is one of Albert Einstein's main claims to fame. The special theory of relativity, often just called special relativity, is the branch of physics that applies to very fast things. Anti-electrons are just like electrons but have an opposite electrical charge. The emitted energy is known as heat and sunlight and enables life on earth to exist. More specifically, hydrogen atoms combine to form helium atoms and emit energy, anti-electrons, and neutrinos. Thus, the behavior of elementary particles is described by quantum mechanics. Electrons and quarks are believed to be indivisible and so are called elementary particles. Atoms are made of electrons, neutrons and protons. Quantum Mechanics: Quantum mechanics (QM) is the branch of physics focused on very small things. This is a new and active area of research in the real world and many experts believe it may revolutionize computing. Quantum Computing: Quantum computing is a special type of computing which utilizes quantum phenomena to perform operations on data. More about quantum mechanics probabilities. Thus, QM says that everything can be described in terms of probabilities. These probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function of a system and the results of observations of that system. Notice all probability amplitudes correspond to infinite probabilities. Wave functions are considered the set of all probability amplitudes. In QM, the quantum state of a particle is mathematically described by a wave function. Sometimes, they're called subatomic particles because of their small size, but they aren't actually found inside atoms. The word 'neutrino' is actually Italian for 'little neutral one.' They're called elementary particles because they cannot be broken down into smaller particles. Neutrinos are very small electrically-neutral elementary particles. Thus, the behavior of elementary particles is described by quantum mechanics.įor more info see The Multiverse section of Quantum Mechanics. Electrons and quarks are believed to be indivisible, and so are called elementary particles. Quantum mechanics (QM) is the branch of physics focused on very small things. The idea of the Multiverse, or multiple parallel worlds comes from quantum mechanics. More about interpretations of quantum mechanics. There are three main types of interpretations: collapse theories, Many Worlds theories, and hidden variables. They are a conceptual way to relate QM mathematics and concepts with QM observations and the physical meanings of these observations. Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics: Interpretations of quantum mechanics (QM) fall within the realm of the philosophy of physics. Thus, to summarize, all you need to make a solar system is matter in outer space, gravity and a lot of time. Then, clumps of matter in the disk were attracted to each other because of gravity-eventually forming the sun in the center with the planets surrounding it. This cloud collapsed into a disk, called the protoplanetary disk. Scientists know our solar system formed when a cloud of atoms and molecules in outer space were brought together because of the gravitational force. Together, the sun and the eight planets that orbit it are called our solar system. The words extrasolar or exosolar literally mean outside our solar system.Īs you know, we live on a planet called Earth which orbits a star we call the sun. Since climate is based on weather and weather changes, climate also changes.ĭark Matter and Dark Energy: Despite their similar sounding names, dark matter and dark energy are not related.ĭark matter is a hypothetical kind of matter that cannot be seen with telescopes.ĭark energy is a hypothetical kind of energy that is thought to permeate space. Climate is essentially the average weather for a significant period of time for a particular region, and thus is considered long-term. Weather changes from minute to minute, and thus is considered short-term. Smith's websiteĬheck out If Disney Princesses Were Earth and Environmental Scientists.Ĭheck out Astrobites! Fun recent research!Ĭheck out PhET Interactive Simulations for Science and Math from the University of Colorado.Ĭheck out Teach Engineering Free STEM curriculum for K-12 from the University of Colorado.Ĭlimate Change: Weather is the current state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, rain, humidity, wind, etc.
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